IMPORTANT VOCAB

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Disclaimer: Notes are not a replacement for doing the required reading, they are only a supplement and I recommend only skimming these notes and always doing the required reading. ALWAYS. DO NOT USE unless you’ve read the chapter. Don’t simply print these out. It would just be like printing wikipedia or sparknotes.

Important Vocabulary

Troppau Protocol – the protocol issued by Metternich that stated that “any country going through a revolution, one that threatens another country will not be members of the European Alliance and will continue to be excluded until the situation is resolved. If there is immediate danger, the Powers, that is the Great Alliance (France, Prussia, Russia, and Austria…Great Britain ditched this protocol), have the right to intervene by sending troops to restore the legitimate monarchies.

Legitimacy – the restoration of the rightful monarchies in countries where revolution has taken place, either by force or peaceful means.

Conservatism – the ideal that traditional ways would lead to peace and that the old order should be restored. Forces of change are unacceptable. Comfortable with status quo. The upper class supported this because they were rich and happy with the situation.

Liberalism – Believed in most of the Enlightenment ideas. Believed that people should have protection of civil freedoms guaranteed by a written document (i.e. Bill of Rights or Declaration of the Rights of Man), religious toleration, constitutional monarchy, peaceful opposition of government, and limited suffrage to males owning a certain amount of property. Supported by the middle class.

Iron Law of Wages – First inspired by Thomas Malthus who said population increased at a faster rate than food supply did. David Ricardo furthered this with his iron law that said as population increases, workers increase, therefore causing wages to decrease.

Minsteral Responsibility – The ministers of the king report to the legislature NOT THE KING.

Nationalism – Awareness of being a part of the community that shares the same traditions, customs, language, and institutions. Supported by students and teachers.

Socialism – The belief that people should be on equal footing, society should not have huge class differences. Human cooperation was better than competition. People should work for each other not against.

Utopian Socialism – The idea of a perfect socialist society where there is virtually no competition.

Robert Owen – The dude that was a British cotton manufacturer. He successfully set up a harmonious community in New Lankard, Scotland, but failed in New Harmony, Indiana.

Louis Blanc – Dude that had the idea of government funded workshops that’d aid people in finding employment.

Louis Philippe – “Citizen King” that took over after Charles X fled to Britain.

Corn Laws – Laws that increased tariffs on foreign grain.

Reform Act – Act that reapportioned the voting districts so that people were being fairly represented. Eliminated boroughs and created new towns and cities.

Poor Law – Law that forced the poor into workhouses with horrible conditions to encourage them to work. This law stated that poverty was a direct result of laziness.

Louis Napoleon Bonaparte – Ruler that took over after the 3^rd French revolution against Louis Philippe.

Frankfurt Assembly – an assembly of well-educated delegates from the middle class that attempted to centralize the German states. This plan did fail on a dispute about whether to include Austria or not.

Why did the revolutions fail?

They succeeded at first because the lower and middle classes worked together to overthrow the government. But after the revolutions, the liberals and the radicals would never see eye to eye and therefore it fell apart.

Romanticism- movement that stressed the importance of intuition, feeling, emotion, and imagination. Intuition is the ability to obtain knowledge without reason, like a quick and ready insight; kind of like instinct.

• · Johann Wolfgang – The Sorrows of Young Werther – a misunderstood man commits suicide after loving a girl that did not love him.

• · William Wordsworth – Poet that appreciated nature and said science left no room for imagination

• · Mary Shelley – Frankenstein – story about a mad scientist that creates a beast. Implies that the danger of science that occurs when it attempts to conquer nature.

• · Eugene Delacroix – Artist: The Death of Sardanapalus – Romantic artist that included exotic colors, historical references, emotion, and imagination.

• Ludwig Van Beethoven – Musician: 3^rd Symphony aka. Eroica– Bridged the gap between classicism and romanticism. Started out with Classical music.

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